Tina Jones HEENT Review Questions

Tina Jones HEENT Review Questions

Imagine you’re conducting a review of Tina Jones’s head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat (HEENT). If you had noticed that Tina’s pupils responded to light, but they were different in size, what could this indicate?

Correct: Anisocoria is a condition where the pupils have unequal sizes. It can occur in about 20% of people without any underlying issues.

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• Uneven visual clarity
• Optic nerve inflammation
• Glaucoma
• Anisocoria (Correct Response)

Now, let’s say during your physical examination, you felt an enlarged left supraclavicular lymph node in Tina. What could this discovery suggest?

Understanding the Basics of Nursing

Correct: Malignancies from the pelvis or abdomen often spread to the left supraclavicular lymph node, known as Virchow’s node.

Nothing significant, as this can be a normal variation
A serious underlying medical condition (Correct Response)
A prior throat infection
An ongoing throat infection

If, while examining Tina’s retinas, you noticed arteriovenous (AV) nicking, what would this observation indicate?

Correct: AV nicking occurs when arteries stiffen, leading to compression of the vein at arteriovenous crossings. This results in the vein appearing to stop on either side of the artery. It is often associated with chronic hypertension.

Clear arterial walls
Opaque arterial walls
Twisted arteries and veins
The vein stops on both sides of the artery (Correct Response)

Let’s say you heard a clicking sound while examining Tina’s temporomandibular joint (TMJ). What could be the cause?

Model Note: Crepitus, restricted jaw movement, and jaw pain are signs of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ syndrome). Clicking noises often occur when the disc between the condyle and fossa (ball and socket) of the temporomandibular joint is displaced.

If Tina had reported new-onset ear pain, what would be a valuable finding to diagnose otitis media?

Model Note: A helpful diagnostic finding for otitis media is the lack of movement of the eardrum during insufflation. This immobility results from increased pressure in the middle ear due to trapped air or fluid caused by infection and Eustachian tube dysfunction.

Now, suppose you examined Tina’s throat and noticed that her tonsils touched each other. How would you rate her tonsils on the tonsillar hypertrophy grading scale?

Model Note: Using the standardized tonsillar hypertrophy grading scale, the tonsils would be graded as 4+ because they touch each other, occupying over 75% of the space between the posterior pillars of the throat.

Review QuestionsActivity Time: 27 min

Suppose you had found that Tina’s pupils were reactive to both direct and consensual light, yet unequal in size. Which condition would you suspect?

 Correct: Anisocoria is condition in which the pupils are unequal in size. Anisocoria can be found in about 20% of normal individuals.

• Unequal visual acuity
• Optic neuritis
• Glaucoma
• Anisocoria (Correct Response)

Imagine that, during your physical exam with Tina, you had palpated an enlarged left supraclavicular lymph node. What would this finding have indicated?

 Correct: Malignancies originating in the pelvis or abdomen are likely to metastasize to the left supraclavicular lymph node, also known as Virchow’s node.

• Nothing, because this is a normal variant
• A serious pathology (Correct Response)
• A previous infection of the throat
• An active infection of the throat

If you had observed Arteriovenous (AV) nicking during the retinal exam on Tina, what would you have seen?

 Correct: AV nicking is the compression of the vein at arteriovenous crossings due to arterial stiffening. This results in bulging of the vein on either side of the artery making the vein appear to stop on either side of the artery. AV nicking is usually a result of chronic hypertension.

• Transparent arterial walls
• Opaque arterial walls
• Tortuous arteries and veins
• Vein stops on either side of the artery (Correct Response)

Suppose that you had detected a click while palpating Tina’s temporomandibular joint (TMJ). What could have been the cause?

Student Response: xx 

Model Note: Crepitus, limited mobility, and pain in the jaw are probable indicators of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ syndrome). The clicking noises are most likely caused by displacement of the disc between the condyle and fossa (ball and socket) at the temporomandibular joint.

If Tina had reported new onset ear pain, what would have been the most useful finding to determine otitis media?

Student Response: xxModel Note: A useful diagnostic finding that suggests otitis media is the lack of mobility of the tympanic membrane during insufflation. This immobility is caused by increased pressure of the middle ear when air or fluid is trapped due to infection and impairment of the Eustachian tube.

Imagine that you inspected Tina’s throat and noted that her tonsils touched each other. How would you grade her tonsils on the tonsillar hypertrophy grading scale?

Student Response:xxxModel Note: Using the standardized tonsillar hypertrophy grading scale, the tonsils are graded 4+ because they touch one another and, therefore, occupy more than 75% of the space between the posterior pillars of the throat.

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