Translational Research Graphic Organizer NUR 550: obesity among school-age children
In this class we will be exploring translational research and Evidence Based Practice as well as forming a PICOT question. This will be a very busy week as translational research may be a new topic for you and you will need to decide on a population and intervention to begin your PICOT question. Our goals for this week are:
- Identify the different levels of translational research.
- Differentiate translational research from evidence-based practice.
- Discuss the application of translational research to population health management.
- Evaluate sources of translational research.
- Select a valid nursing practice problem for an evidence-based practice project proposal.
Please proceed to the Class Wall and tell us a little about yourself. When you complete your introduction be sure to read the policies, syllabus and weekly expectations.
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You will be expected to submit answers to two DQs and to respond to at least three peers. Two posts will be your DQs and you need a minimum of 3 responses in addition to your 2 DQs. Each DQ must be at least 150 words or 12 sentences and must have two references and citations. Quotes are not allowed. Responses must be at least 75 words or 5 sentences and have one reference and a citation.
Be sure to review all the Study Materials as well as find the website for your state or county health department as your PICOT question must be based on a mortality/morbidity indicator related to a clinical problem pertaining to a population. When forming your question DO NOT use any content related to nurse staffing, staffing ratios, staffing levels (shortages) or any major system-level changes. A template is provided in your materials for the beginning of your PICOT question. You must use this template.
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Please be sure to use the link to the GCU library provided and then click on Translational Research on the left as you will need this site to search for the literature you will need and to answer your DQs.
Refer to the calendar for the due date of the assignments. Be sure to submit your papers to LopesWrite to evaluate for plagiarism. However, please note that your first paper due this week does not need to be submitted to LopesWrite.
Please use the Questions to Instructor forum for your questions or your Private Forum for private communication. You may also reach me at between the hours of 8AM-8PM EST. All questions are welcome.
State the nursing practice problem for your evidence-based practice project. If your nursing problem has not yet been approved, make any required changes or revisions to your nursing practice problem prior to starting the assignment. Using your proposed topic, conduct a literature search and complete the tables below.
Navigating Ethical Considerations in Human Research
When researchers embark on studies involving human participants, a critical prerequisite is to secure approvals from institutional review boards. These independent entities are established to scrutinize and sanction any research that involves human subjects. Their primary role is to ensure that researchers conduct their investigations in a manner that safeguards the rights and well-being of these individuals. The committee diligently evaluates various aspects of a proposed study, including methodologies, to ensure that subjects are not exposed to any potential adverse events. Furthermore, the review board plays a pivotal role in upholding justice in research, diligently overseeing the incorporation of informed consent and the protection of data integrity within the research process (Lynch & Rosenfeld, 2020).
In the realm of research pertaining to population health, multiple ethical considerations come to the forefront. Firstly, there is the imperative to assess the clinical and social value of the research endeavor. Research in the domain of population health should contribute to an enhanced scientific comprehension of critical health issues, thereby informing decision-making processes in clinical care settings. Equally important is the principle of fairness in subject selection. Researchers must adhere to an ethos that disregards factors such as privilege or vulnerability, focusing instead on the core objectives of their investigations. Moreover, researchers must meticulously evaluate the risk-to-benefit ratio, with the emphasis on minimizing harm to the participants while maximizing research benefits. The concept of minimizing conflicts of interest is also paramount, achieved through rigorous ethical scrutiny before initiating the research, potentially involving independent review panels to assess proposed study methods. Furthermore, it is essential for researchers to show respect for the subjects of their study (Holland, 2022; Wiggins & Wilbanks, 2019). This encompasses respecting their privacy, maintaining confidentiality, upholding their right to make informed decisions, and ensuring transparency regarding any necessary adjustments if the research does not align with their interests.
In the pursuit of ethical research, researchers are tasked with a delicate balancing act, considering the principles of respect for persons, potential benefits, burdens of the research, and justice. Respect for persons entails honoring participants’ rights to justice and informed decision-making, refraining from coercion or manipulation. Participants retain the autonomy to withdraw from the study at any point, underscoring the commitment to respecting their justice. Researchers also take steps to ensure that the research does not impose an undue burden on the subjects. For instance, subjects have the prerogative to decline responding to any questions that make them uncomfortable during the research process. Researchers provide subjects with comprehensive information about the potential benefits of the research before its commencement to enable them to make informed choices. For instance, a study delving into the lived experiences of individuals who have lost loved ones may elicit painful memories (Holland, 2022). Consequently, researchers grant them the freedom to bypass any questions they find discomforting during the research journey, prioritizing the well-being and autonomy of the participants.
Nursing Practice Problem: The nursing practice problem is obesity among school-age children.
Comparison 1: Translational Research vs. Qualitative Research
| Criteria | Peer-Reviewed Translational Article and Permalink/Working Link:Joseph, E. D., Kracht, C. L., St. Romain, J., Allen, A. T., Barbaree, C., Martin, C. K., & Staiano, A. E. (2019). Young children’s screen time and physical activity: Perspectives of parents and early care and education center providers. Global Pediatric Health, 6, 2333794X19865856. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2333794X19865856Translational Research Type:
Translation to practice (T3) |
Peer-Reviewed Traditional Article and Permalink/Working Link:Stiglic, N., & Viner, R. M. (2019). Effects of screentime on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: A systematic review of reviews. BMJ Open, 9(1), e023191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023191Traditional Qualitative Research Type: systematic review of past literature. | Observations (Similarities/Differences) |
| Methodology | Four focus groups (3 parents and 1 ECE provider) were conducted and thematic analysis performed to identify themes and subthemes on children’s screen time and physical activity.Twenty-eight caregivers (21 parents and 7 ECE providers) participated in the research. | A systematic review of past studies on the evidence for health and well-being effects of screen time in children and adolescents was conducted. 13 reviews were identified. | Joseph et al. (2019) used focus groups while Stiglic and Viner (2019) did a literature review. |
| Goals | The primary goal was to seek input from caregivers on barriers and facilitators of physical activity and screen time to comprehensively address them and promote children’s health.
|
The study systematically examined the evidence of harms and benefits relating to screen time for children and young people’s health and well-being. | Joseph et al. (2019) examined how caregivers’ input regarding physical activity and screen time can be used to promote children’s health while Stiglic and Viner (2019) examined what past studies concluded regarding harms and benefits of screen time and children’s health and well-being. |
| Data Collection | Data for the study was obtained from focus groups containing twenty-eight caregivers. Focus groups were held between January and March 2017. | Stiglic and Viner (2019) searched electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL) in February 2018. | Joseph et al. (2019) collected data from participants while Stiglic and Viner (2019) collected from peer-reviewed articles. |
Your valuable research and insights are greatly appreciated. Following discussions with Professor Gallagher, I have settled on my PICOT question. The “P” in my research will focus on patients who undergo total knee arthroplasty, specifically examining how the use of an adductor canal nerve block (ACB) influences their pain medication consumption during the immediate postoperative period. While there is still a significant amount of research ahead, I’ve already come across several articles that relate to my PICOT, one of which happens to be the one you referenced.
Many of the articles I’ve encountered seem to delve into the comparison between ACBs and femoral nerve blocks (FNB) and their respective impacts on pain medication usage. One of these articles, as you mentioned, suggests that ACBs may enable patients to ambulate sooner when compared to FNBs. This advantage is attributed to the negative impact of FNBs on quadricep strength. Interestingly, this study concludes that there isn’t a discernible difference in medication usage between these two types of nerve blocks (Hasabo et al., 2022).
The research journey promises to yield valuable insights into the complex interplay between different pain management approaches following total knee arthroplasty, shedding light on the practical implications for patients and healthcare providers. It’s clear that this field of study is multifaceted and filled with intriguing findings, making it an exciting avenue for further exploration.
References
Hasabo, E. A., Assar, A., Mahmoud, M. M., Abdalrahman, H. A., Ibrahim, E. A., Hasanin, M. A., Emam, A. K., AbdelQadir, Y. H., AbdelAzim, A. A., & Ali, A. S. (2022). Adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block for pain control after total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Medicine, 101(34), e30110. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000030110
Comparison 2: Translational Research vs. Quantitative Research
| Criteria | Peer-Reviewed Translational Article and Permalink/Working Link:Schwarzfischer, P., Gruszfeld, D., Socha, P., Luque, V., Closa-Monasterolo, R., Rousseaux, D., … & Grote, V. (2020). Effects of screen time and playing outside on anthropometric measures in preschool aged children. PloS One, 15(3), e0229708. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229708Translational Research Type: research focused on outcomes in populations (T4) | Peer-Reviewed Traditional Article and Permalink/Working Link:Goncalves, W. S. F., Byrne, R., Viana, M. T., & Trost, S. G. (2019). Parental influences on screen time and weight status among preschool children from Brazil: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s12966-019-0788-3Traditional Quantitative Research Type: A cross-sectional study.
[experimental research] |
Observations (Similarities/Differences) |
| Methodology | Schwarzfischer et al. (2020) assessed children of the European Childhood Obesity Project annually by questionnaire from 3 until 6 years of age with focus on playing outside (PO) and screen time. | A survey measuring sociodemographic data, weekday and weekend screen time, and parental self-efficacy for limiting screen time. | Both studies evaluated outcomes. However, Schwarzfischer et al. (2020) used questionnaires while Goncalves et al. (2019) did a survey. |
| Goals | Schwarzfischer et al. (2020) investigated the relationship between average time spent on playing outside and screen time and anthropometric measures (body weight, waist circumference, and height) at 3 and 6 years of age. | Goncalves et al. (2019) examined the relationships between parental screen time, self-efficacy to limit screen time, child screen time and child BMI in preschool-aged children. | Both researches examined the relationship between screen time and measures related to obesity such as weight gain. However, Schwarzfischer et al. (2020) focused on various anthropometric measures while Goncalves et al. (2019) focused on child BMI. |
| Data Collection | Body weight, waist circumference and height were measured at 3 and 6 years of age to calculate Body-Mass-Index z-Scores (zBMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WTH) of 526 children of CHOP.Schwarzfischer et al. (2020) applied linear, logistic and quantile regressions to test whether playing outside and screen time impacted anthropometric measures. | Height and weight were measured to derive BMI and BMI percentile.Goncalves et al. (2019) further used observed variable path analysis to examine the relationship between parental and child variables. | Schwarzfischer et al. (2020) measured zBMI and waist-to-height ratio while Goncalves et al. (2019) measured height and weight to derive BMI. |
References
Goncalves, W. S. F., Byrne, R., Viana, M. T., & Trost, S. G. (2019). Parental influences on screen time and weight status among preschool children from Brazil: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s12966-019-0788-3
Joseph, E. D., Kracht, C. L., St. Romain, J., Allen, A. T., Barbaree, C., Martin, C. K., & Staiano, A. E. (2019). Young children’s screen time and physical activity: Perspectives of parents and early care and education center providers. Global Pediatric Health, 6, 2333794X19865856. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2333794X19865856
Schwarzfischer, P., Gruszfeld, D., Socha, P., Luque, V., Closa-Monasterolo, R., Rousseaux, D., … & Grote, V. (2020). Effects of screen time and playing outside on anthropometric measures in preschool aged children. PloS One, 15(3), e0229708. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229708
Stiglic, N., & Viner, R. M. (2019). Effects of screentime on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: A systematic review of reviews. BMJ Open, 9(1), e023191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023191
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