Schon Reflective Model in Nursing
When studying nursing, you’ll encounter various nursing theories and models, from learning in school to practicing in hospitals. These are important concepts for anyone entering or already in nursing. Theories help guide nurses’ decisions in real-life situations and provide a framework for treatments or approaches.
Let’s focus on Donald Schon’s reflective model. As a nursing student, you might wonder who Schon is and what the Schon reflective model is. Donald Schon is a theorist who developed the reflective model theory known as the Schon reflective model in nursing.
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What is the Schon Reflective Model in Nursing?
Donald Schon’s reflective model suggests that professionals are like artists perfecting their craft while working. He believes that practitioners encounter situations that challenge their norms but still find real-time solutions to address them.
The model revolves around three key dimensions:
Occurrence (the experience)
Mirroring (reflecting on the experience)
Working (taking action after reflection)
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Schon’s focus is on reflecting on both action and inaction. Here are the main principles of the model:
Reflection on Action (After an Experience)
This type of reflection happens after an event. Professionals evaluate the experience and then take action based on their evaluation. Schon suggests that at this point, professionals should:
Think quickly and decisively
Generate a solution promptly
Implement the solution after evaluation
Reflection in Action (During the Situation)
This type of reflection occurs in the midst of a crisis. Quick decisions are made and acted upon in real-time. In-action reflection involves:
Responding to situations as they unfold
Swift thinking during crisis management
Immediate decision-making
Rapid implementation of decisions
The theory emphasizes the need for professionals to think swiftly during a crisis, using past experiences to inform present solutions. It encourages continuous reflection both during and after events. So, what are Schon’s views on reflection?
Schon’s Views on Reflection
Understanding the Unspoken
Schon discusses unknown or random knowledge without specific features. This relates to Michael Polanyi’s concept.
Ladder Reflection Model
Schon refers to this model as the process of action, reflection, and action based on reflection. Similar to climbing a ladder, this model involves repetitive steps in sequence. It allows learners to navigate challenges and find the right reflection.
Learning in Action
Schon argues that learning occurs through performing duties. Knowledge is gained through action, particularly in executing skills.
Reflection-in-Action (Real-Time)
Schon describes this as learning while in action. Nurses often learn in real-time during practice, adapting quickly to changes in the environment.
Reflection-on-Action (After an Event)
Here, reflection occurs after an event. Schon explains that this type of reflection helps recognize the value of in-action responses, especially during emergencies.
Practical Application in the Workplace
In a rapidly changing world, Schon suggests that continuous learning through reflective actions is more effective than expecting learners to absorb information passively.
Effective Attention
This model focuses on applying new information. It evaluates students’ ability to use newly acquired knowledge and gather feedback on their activities based on that new learning.
Schon’s reflective model offers valuable insights for nursing practice and education. It encourages active learning and thoughtful adaptation in real-world nursing scenarios.
Schon Model Evaluation
Let’s assess Schon’s reflection model, its benefits, and how it relates to nursing practice. As a nurse, delving into Schon’s theory helps you understand why things happen a certain way and explore potential outcomes.
When nurses apply this model in practice, they identify their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This allows them to enhance their strengths and evaluate other aspects. They use logic, care, and past experiences to develop their arguments, leading to increased knowledge.
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Relevance of Schon’s Theories
Schon’s theories remain relevant for practitioners, especially in teaching and preparing students for quick thinking in emergencies. This model is vital in the nursing environment, enhancing treatment strategies for communicable diseases and recent pandemics. Nurses use quick thinking to save lives, especially in critical situations like resuscitation and ventilator support.
Advantages of Schon’s Reflective Model
Schon’s reflective model offers several advantages:
It can be applied in real practice.
It fosters deeper learning by helping nurses grasp complex phenomena and develop effective approaches to emergencies.
Reflective practice equips practitioners to handle novel challenges.
Pros and Cons of Schon’s Reflective Model
Schon’s model has both strengths and limitations:
The Pros:
Provides a clear formula to follow.
Offers guidance to students facing difficulties in practice.
Encourages critical evaluation of situations.
Allows students to assess the success of completed processes.
Stimulates intuitive thinking and creativity.
Promotes swift movement and innovative solutions.
The Cons:
Adhering to the model’s rules can limit nurses’ flexibility.
Application in real-life situations might not always be immediate.
Not suitable for all scenarios.
May pose challenges for slower learners.
Schon’s Reflective Model Summary
Donald Schon’s model highlights the importance of professionals learning and gaining exposure in real-world environments, both during and after action. He asserts that this approach empowers practitioners to make informed decisions based on tried-and-tested research and past experiences.
The core concepts he addresses are “reflection on action” (real-time experience) and “reflective on action” (post-event analysis). “In action” involves quick thinking and immediate action during situations, while “on action” emphasizes reflecting afterward and applying lessons learned.
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